Linguistic phenomena characterizing Gallo-Italian varieties spoken in Sicily.
Download in Turtle Format| Apheresis | The loss or deletion of one or more sounds at the beginning of a word. |
|---|---|
| afer.1 | a- > - |
| afer.1.b | all- > l- |
| Assibilation | The process by which non-sibilant consonants (typi- cally plosives or affricates) change into sibilant sounds. |
| assib.1.a | si > sge |
| assib.1.b | si > sgë |
| assib.1.c | si > sgi |
| assib.2 | sì > sgì |
| assib.3 | sï > sgï |
| assib.4 | ce > sge |
| assib.5 | cè > sgè |
| assib.6.a | ci > sge |
| assib.6.b | -ci > sgë |
| assib.6.c | ci > sgi |
| assib.7 | cì > sgì |
| assib.8 | cï > sgï |
| assib.9 | nce / ncè / nci / ncì / ncï > nze / nzè / nzi / nzì / nzï |
| assib.10 | nge / ngè / ngi / ngì / ngï > nẕe / nẕè / nẕi / nẕì / nẕï |
| assib.11 | -rce- / -rcè / -rci-/ -rcì- / -rcï- > -rze- / -rzè- / -rzi- / -rzì- / -rzï- |
| assib.12 | ce- / cè- / ci- / cì- / cï- > zze- / zzè- /zzi- / zzì- / zzï- |
| assib.13 | ge- / gè- / gi- / gì- / gï- > zze- / zze- / ẕẕi- / ẕẕì- / zzï- |
| assib.14 | se- / sè- / si- / sì- > zze- /zzè- / zzi- / zzì- |
| assib.15 | -ii- > ẕẕ |
| assib.16 | -ìiri> ẕẕö |
| assib.17 | ggi > i |
| Degemination | The reduction of all long (or double) consonants into short (or single) ones. |
| degem.1 | -tt- > -it- |
| degem.2 | tt > t |
| degem.3 | dd > d |
| degem.4 | ḍḍ > dd |
| degem.5 | pp > p |
| degem.6 | bb > b |
| degem.7 | cc > c |
| degem.8 | -ccàri > -chè |
| degem.9 | gg > g but not in -ggari |
| degem.10 | -ggàri > ghè |
| degem.11 | ff > f |
| degem.12 | vv > v |
| degem.13 | ss- > s- |
| degem.15 | żż > ẕẕ |
| degem.16 | mm > m |
| degem.17 | nn > n |
| degem.18 | l- > dd- |
| degem.19 | -ll- > - |
| degem.19.b | -ll- > -l- |
| degem.20 | -ḍḍ- > - |
| degem.22 | ḍḍr > dr |
| degem.23 | ṭṭṛ > tr |
| Deretroflexion | The elimination of the retroflexed pronunciation of a consonant. |
| deretr.1 | ṭṛ > tr |
| deretr.2 | ṭṭṛ > ttr |
| deretr.3 | ṣṭṛ > str |
| Dissimilation | The process by which two adjacent segments that share some features change to become less like each other. |
| dissim.1 | mm > mb |
| dissim.2 | nn > nd |
| Diphthongization | The turning of a stressed vowel into a diphthong, which is a (functionally) single vowel that starts out in the position of one monophthong and ends up in the position of another. |
| ditt.1.a | è- > iè- |
| ditt.1.b | -è- > iè |
| ditt.2.a | ò- > uò- |
| ditt.2.b | -ò- > uò if ò is not already preceded by u |
| Elimination | Elimination of some allophonic variants according to a specific phonological context, such as the unstressed position. |
| elim.1 | v- > b- |
| elim.2 | bb- > b- |
| elim.3 | r- > br- |
| elim.4.a | i- > g- |
| elim.4.b | i- > gi- |
| elim.5 | r- > gr- |
| Lenition | The softening of the intervocalic voiceless (both fricative and plosive) consonants. |
| leniz.1 | -c- > -g- |
| leniz.2 | -cr- > -gr- |
| leniz.3 | -p- > -v- |
| leniz.4 | -pr- > -vr- |
| leniz.5 | -t- > -d- |
| leniz.6 | -ìtu > -ì |
| leniz.7 | -àtu > -à |
| leniz.8 | -ùtu > -ù |
| leniz.9 | -ìti > -ë̀ |
| leniz.10 | -ṭṛ- > -ir- |
| leniz.11 | -dr- > -ir- |
| leniz.12 | -l- > -- |
| leniz.13 | -àni > -àn |
| leniz.13.b | -ànu > -àn |
| leniz.14 | -ùni > -ö̀n |
| leniz.15 | -òni > -ö̀n |
| leniz.16 | -ìnu > -ìn |
| leniz.17 | -ùnu > -ùn |
| leniz.19.a | -chi- > -ghj- |
| leniz.19.b | -chi- > -ghï- |
| leniz.19.c | -chì- > -ghj- |
| leniz.19.d | -chì- > -ghï- |
| leniz.19.e | -chj- > -ghj- |
| leniz.19.f | -chj- > -ghï- |
| leniz.19.g | -chï- > -ghj- |
| leniz.19.h | -chï- > -ghï- |
| leniz.20 | spr / sbr > sbr |
| Palatalization | Vocalic palatalization, i.e., the phonological process by which the low, central vowel /a/ shifts towards a more fronted and sometimes slightly raised position, typically resulting in a vowel like /æ/, /E/, or /e/, in a palatal or fronting phonetic environment. |
| inf.1 | -ìri > -ë̀ |
| inf.2 | -ìri > ì |
| inf.3.a | -iri > ö only if iri is not preceeded by one of the followings: c,g,j,h |
| inf.3.b.1 | -ciri > ciö |
| inf.3.b.2 | -giri > giö |
| inf.3.b.3 | -chjiri > chjiö |
| inf.3.b.4 | -ghjiri > ghjiö |
| inf.3.c | -jiri > jö |
| inf.3.d | -hiri > hjö |
| inf.4 | -ìri > ìsciö |
| inf.5 | -ìrisi > -essë provided that ìrisi is not preceded by SC |
| inf.6 | -scìrisi > essë |
| inf.7 | -ìricci > ë̀ghjë |
| palat.1 | -càri > chè |
| palat.2 | -càrisi > chèssë |
| palat.3 | -gàri > ghè |
| palat.4 | -gàrisi > ghèssë |
| palat.5 | -àri > è (if not preceded by c, g, i) |
| palat.6 | -àrisi > èssë (if not preceded by c, g, i) |
| palat.7 | -ciàri > cè |
| palat.8 | -iàrisi > èssë |
| palat.9 | -giàri > gè |
| palat.10 | -ïàri > ïè |
| palat.11 | -ïàrisi > ïèssë |
| palat.12 | -àrini > -ènë |
| palat.13 | -arisìnni > -èssenë |
| Vocalization | Representing the adaptation of a loanword to the vocalic system of the receiving language. |
| vocal.2.a | i > ë |
| vocal.5.a | u > ö |
| vocal.5.c | ù > ö̀ |
| vocal.7.a | -i > e |
| vocal.7.b | i- | -i- > e |
| vocal.8.a | u > e if u is not preceded by c or g |
| vocal.8.b | cu > che |
| vocal.8.c | gu > ghe |
| vocal.9.a | -èri > -èrö |
| vocal.9.b | -àli > àö |
| vocal.10 | ì > ë̀ |
| vocal.12 | -a- > -e- |
| vocal.13 | -i > -ö |
